Structure+and+Function+of+the+Circulatory+System

​ Outline __A. Structure__ 1. Red blood cells 2. White blood cells 3. Platelets 4. Plasma __B. Function__ 1. Transportation of nutrients/waste 2. Control pH 3. Maintain body temperature 4. Removes toxins from the body 5. Regulation of body fluid electrolytes __A. Structure__ 1. Atriums (left and right) 2. Ventricles (left and right) __B. Function__ 1. Receive deoxygenated blood 2. Pump oxygenated blood __A. Structure__ 1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Arterioles 4. Capillaries 5. Venules __B. Function__ 1. Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart 2. Transport deoxygenated blood to the heart 3. Supply blood to tissues and remove waste from them 4. Lead to capillaries from arteries. They expand and contract to control blood flow 5. Drain blood from capillaries into veins so it can be taken to the heart ​
 * I. Blood **
 * II. Heart **
 * III.** **Vessels**

Overview The circulatory system can be broken up into three main parts: the heart, the vessels, and blood. Each of these serves vital purposes in the body. The structure of the heart breaks down into four chambers, they are: the left atrium, the right atrium, the left ventricle, and the right ventricle. Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right atrium; oxygenated blood enters the heart through the left atrium. The function of the ventricles follows this pattern – deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs through the right ventricle, oxygenated blood is pumped to the rest of the body through the left ventricle. There are valves that allow blood to flow from the atriums to the ventricles, but not the reverse. Connected to the heart are various veins and arteries. Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart so that it can be given more oxygen. Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, which then uses that oxygen, and the now depleted blood travels back to the heart through the veins. The main artery is the aorta, which all other arteries branch off of. Capillaries are extremely thin arteries and veins that oxygen can pass through when it has reached its destination. Also important are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava which allow blood to enter the heart. The pulmonary artery moves blood from the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated, and the pulmonary vein takes blood from the lungs to the heart so that it can be pumped to the rest of the body. Valves between the right atrium and right ventricle and the left atrium and left ventricle, as well as at the connections between the main vessels and the heart, make sure that blood flows only in the correct direction. The heart pumps as a result of electrical pulses sent through it by the sino-atrial node, also known as the pace maker, which is located in the right ventricle. Waste can also pass through the capillaries when it is ready to be removed from the body. Arterioles are smaller arteries that connect the arteries to the capillaries. Venules are smaller veins that d rain blood from capillaries into veins so it can be taken to the heart. Blood is made up of 55% plasma and the other 45% consists of many things including: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The functions of blood are as follows: regulation, transportation, and protection. It regulates pH and water levels, transports nutrients throughout the body and waste to where it can be disposed of, and it protect by fighting foreign organisms like bacteria, and clots to close wounds. Red blood cells take care of transportation; they have a compound called hemoglobin in them which binds to oxygen molecules so they can be taken wherever necessary. White blood cells fight bacteria and viruses as part of the immune system. Platelets are special cells that clot to close wounds.

Relations The circulatory system relates to the muscular system because the heart and blood vessels carry the blood that muscles need in order to function to them.

The circulatory system relates to the digestive system because the liver breaks down old blood cells so that they can be reused.

The circulatory system relates to the immune system because white blood cells, which are part of the circulatory system, fight bacteria and viruses as part of the immune system.

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