Respiratory+System-+Structure+and+Function

**__ Overview of the System Parts and Functions: __** The respiratory system is used all the time. It is a very complex system, and without it we would not be able to survive. The main function of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen so the blood can deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory system does all that when you breathe. The respiratory system is the exchange of gases between you and your environment. There are two types of respiration: external respiration and internal respiration. External respiration is the gas exchange between lungs and blood and internal respiration is the gas exchange between blood and body cells.

There are several parts to the respiratory system. Air enters your body through your nose. The nose prepares the air for your lungs. The hair in your nose actually collects all the dirt and dust from the air and prevents it from getting into your lungs. Air can also enter you body through your mouth. When air enters your mouth, it travels directly to your lungs. Once air is inhaled through your nose, it passes through a tube like space in your mouth and upper throat called the pharynx. Whatever the nose doesn’t filter out, the pharynx does. The pharynx acts as a second filter. Next, the air moves into the larynx. The larynx connects the pharynx to the trachea, and is where your vocal cords are located. Your vocal cords allow you to use the air coming out of your lungs to speak and sing. After the larynx is your trachea. The trachea is a windpipe that connects to your bronchial tubes. Your bronchial tubes are branches that lead from the trachea to each lung. Finally, the air reaches your lungs, which fill with air during breathing. The main muscle that is used during breathing is the diaphragm, which contracts when you inhale and relaxes when you exhale.

__**Outline of the System Parts, Structure, and Function: **__ **I. Respiratory System-** a. To supply the blood with oxygen so the blood can deliver oxygen to all parts of the body b. Exchange of gases between you and your environment c. Types of respiration i. //external//- gas exchange between lungs and blood ii. //internal//- gas exchange between blood and body cells a. //Nose//- part where air can enter the body. Prepares the air for the lungs by clearing out any dirt or dust. b. //Mouth//- air enters the body and travels directly to the lungs c. //Pharynx//- tube like space in the mouth and upper throat that filters out any dirt or dust that the nose did not. d. //Larynx//- where the vocal cords are located, which when air comes out of the lungs, it allows one to speak or sing. The larynx connects the pharynx to the trachea. e. //Trachea//- windpipe that connects to the bronchial tubes. f. //Bronchial tubes//- branches that lead from the trachea to each lung. g. //Lungs//- fill with air when breathing. h. //Diaphragm//- main muscle used while breathing. It contracts when one inhales and relaxes when one exhales.
 * II. Parts and Functions-**

** __Relation to Other Body Systems:__ ** The respiratory system works with the __**//circulatory system//**__. The circulatory system supplies the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. The circulatory system also transports the blood carrying oxygen to the body cells and picks up carbon dioxide. Their relationship keeps us alive. The respiratory system is related to the //**__excretory system__**// because it releases carbon dioxide out of the body through the nose and mouth. Both the respiratory system and the excretory system use the lungs in some way. Finally, the respiratory system is related to the //**__muscular system__**// because the diaphragm is a muscle, and it allows us to inhale and exhale. Without the muscular system, the respiratory system would not be able to function. The throat includes the larynx, pharynx, and trachea. Once air is inhaled through your nose, it passes through a tube like space in your mouth and upper throat called the pharynx. Whatever the nose doesn’t filter out, the pharynx does. The pharynx acts as a second filter. Next, the air moves into the larynx. The larynx connects the pharynx to the trachea, and is where your vocal cords are located. Your vocal cords allow you to use the air coming out of your lungs to speak and sing.
 * __ Diagrams and Pictures: __ **

After the larynx is your trachea. The trachea is a windpipe that connects to your bronchial tubes. Finally, the air reaches your lungs, which fill with air during breathing. The main muscle that is used during breathing is the diaphragm, which contracts when you inhale and relaxes when you exhale.

Your bronchial tubes are branches that lead from the trachea to each lung. Finally, the air reaches your lungs, which fill with air during breathing.





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**__Respiratory System Vocabulary:__**

__Respiratory System- Structure and Function__ – Caroline Kachmar 1. **External respiration** - gas exchange between lungs and blood 2. **Internal respiration** - gas exchange between blood and body cells 3. **Nose** - part where air can enter the body. Prepares the air for the lungs by clearing out any dirt or dust. 4. **Mouth** - air enters the body and travels directly to the lungs 5. **Pharynx** - tube like space in the mouth and upper throat that filters out any dirt or dust that the nose did not. 6. **Larynx** - where the vocal cords are located, which when air comes out of the lungs, it allows one to speak or sing. The larynx connects the pharynx to the trachea. 7. **Trachea** - windpipe that connects to the bronchial tubes. 8. **Bronchial tubes** - branches that lead from the trachea to each lung. 9. **Lungs** - fill with air when breathing. 10. **Diaphragm** - main muscle used while breathing. It contracts when one inhales and relaxes when one exhales.

__Respiratory System Diseases and Disorders__ – Kara Brady 1. **Lung cancer** - typically caused from smoking, begins in the cells of the bronchi tubes, the cells multiply and form tumors in the lungs, these tumors spread rapidly, most life-threatening cancer 2. **Emphysema** - typically caused from smoking, results in shortness of breath, lung tissues are destroyed and cannot support the lung, alveoli disintegrate which makes it difficult for air to pass through, this condition cannot be reversed 3. **Tuberculosis** - bacterial infection, bacterium attacks the lungs and later moves onto other parts of the body, highly contagious, often deadly 4. **Laryngitis** - swelling of the larynx, vocal cords become inflamed and cause irritation, results in a raspy voice 5. **Pleura** - thin membrane around the lung and the inner walls of the chest 6. **Pleurisy** - inflammation of the pleura, leads to sharp pains when breathing and coughing, develops from lung infections such as tuberculosis 7. **Bronchi** - passage of airway in the respiratory tract that moves air into the lungs 8. **Effects of Smoking** - smoking is one of the major causes to these diseases and disorders, including lung cancer and emphysema which can be life-threatening, 9. **Prevention** - don’t smoke, eat healthy, sleep, exercise, avoid harmful fumes 10. **Treatment** - treatments vary from medication, humidifiers, breathing aids, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

__Respiratory System Sudden Illness / Emergency / First Aid__ – Adam Zeelens 1. **Bronchitis** – an illness that is caused by the infection of the bronchioles, tiny airways; stuffiness, runny nose, mild cough, and fever are all signs of bronchitis 2. **The Common Cold** – the most common ailment of the respiratory system; coughing allows ones airways to be cleared of secretions and foreign bodies. 3. **Sinusitis** - when one’s sinuses, moist air spaces within one’s facial bones, become irritated, causing an infection; sinusitis may occur because of a cold or allergies when nasal passages become more swollen 4. **Asthma** - occurs when thick mucus is produced by the bronchioles, making it harder to breathe; wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing do occur. 5. **Pneumonia** - a common respiratory condition of the lungs; the inflammation of the lungs results in coughing, a high fever, shaking/chills, and shortness of breath. 6. **Influenza** - also known as the flu; has multiple symptoms including: a high fever, coughing, sore throat, vomiting, and diarrhea; to prevent such an illness, that best medicine is medicine itself. Shots are vital to prevent catching the illness. 7. **The Heimlich Maneuver** - forces air out of the lungs in order to push out the object that is blocking the airways 8. **Abdominal Thrust** - used when the victim is lying on their back 9. **The Three C’s** - used in an emergency situation; //check//, //call//, and //care// 10. **Prevention Tips** - no smoking or second-hand smoking; running/exercise/staying active; proper eating; 6-8 hours of sleep; washing hands

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